sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, reddish; Luster: Dull to earthy; Structure: Clastic, fine-to-medium grained; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Brown, tan, reddish
Luster: Dull to earthy

Identified March 6, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, reddish; Luster: Dull to earthy; Structure: Clastic, fine-to-medium grained; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (clasts). Common in deserts, riverbeds, and ocean basins; can date back millions of years depending on the strata.

Uses & applications

Used extensively in construction as dimension stone, for road gravel, in glass manufacturing, and occasionally for grindstones or oil and gas reservoirs.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous landmarks like the Grand Canyon and Petra are sculpted from diverse sandstone layers.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by a gritty 'sandpaper' texture and visible layering (stratification). Found globally in sedimentary basins. Look for evidence of cross-bedding or ripple marks.