sedimentary
Sandstone
Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or grayish; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/fragmental; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Tan, brown, or grayish
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or grayish; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/fragmental; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments over millions of years. Common in desert, river, or coastal environments.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction as a building material, for paving, and in the manufacturing of glass and abrasive tools.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous landmarks like the Grand Canyon are primarily composed of sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible mineral grains. Found globally in basins and near ancient riverbeds. Test for hardness to distinguish from softer siltstones.
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