Sandstone

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or grayish; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/fragmental; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & Geological History

Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments over millions of years. Common in desert, river, or coastal environments.

Uses & Applications

Widely used in construction as a building material, for paving, and in the manufacturing of glass and abrasive tools.

Geological Facts

Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous landmarks like the Grand Canyon are primarily composed of sandstone layers.

Field Identification & Locations

Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible mineral grains. Found globally in basins and near ancient riverbeds. Test for hardness to distinguish from softer siltstones.

Identified on: 4/23/2026

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