sedimentary
Sandstone
Sandstone (clastic sedimentary rock), primarily SiO2
Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, beige, or yellow with iron-oxide staining; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (on Mohs scale if quartz-rich)
- Color
- Tan, beige, or yellow with iron-oxide staining
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, beige, or yellow with iron-oxide staining; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (sand) over millions of years, typically in desert, river, or coastal environments. This specimen appears to have limonitic or hematitic staining.
Uses & applications
Mainly used in construction for building stone and paving. High-purity quartz sandstone is used in glassmaking and industrial abrasives.
Geological facts
Sandstone can resist weathering for centuries and often preserves fossils or ripple marks from ancient water currents. It makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. Common in canyon regions and sedimentary basins worldwide. Check for layering (bedding).
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