sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3 staining)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellow-orange to tan (iron-stained); Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Yellow-orange to tan (iron-stained)
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellow-orange to tan (iron-stained); Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in desert, river, or coastal environments. This specimen shows oxidation (rusting) of iron minerals within the matrix.
Uses & applications
Used widely in construction as a building material, paving, and decorative stone. Finely crushed sandstone is also used in glass manufacturing.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth and is a major reservoir for groundwater and petroleum products due to its porosity.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible grains. Often found in layered outcrops or riverbeds. Collectors look for unique banding or color variations caused by mineral impurities.
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