sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Tan, brown, or grey
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified March 23, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed by the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments of sand size (0.0625 to 2 mm). Most commonly occurs in river beds, beaches, and deserts where sand is deposited and buried under pressure over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in construction for flagstones, pavers, and building facades. Also used in the production of glass, as an abrasive, and for making grindstones.

Geological facts

Sandstone is one of the most common sedimentary rocks in the Earth's crust. It is highly porous and serves as a major reservoir for groundwater and petroleum or natural gas.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its 'gritty' feel, similar to sandpaper, and its visible layered bedding. It is common globally, especially in areas with ancient sedimentary basins like the Grand Canyon.