sedimentary
Sandstone (with Iron Staining)
Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3 staining)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, yellowish-brown to rust-orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Tan, yellowish-brown to rust-orange
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, yellowish-brown to rust-orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically through the process of lithification over millions of years in deserts, riverbeds, or ocean basins.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a construction material, for flagstones, grindstones, and sometimes as a source of silica for glass making.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The iron oxide (limonite or hematite) gives it the characteristic warm yellow or reddish-brown hue seen in this specimen.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. Found globally in ancient basins and canyon lands.
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