sedimentary
Sandstone (with Iron Staining)
Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3 oxides)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale) if quartz-rich; Color: Tan, yellow, reddish-brown; Luster: Dull, earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale) if quartz-rich
- Color
- Tan, yellow, reddish-brown
- Luster
- Dull, earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale) if quartz-rich; Color: Tan, yellow, reddish-brown; Luster: Dull, earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The iron oxides (limonite/hematite) leach through the rock via groundwater, staining it red or yellow. Common in ancient river beds and desert environments.
Uses & applications
Used primarily as a construction material (dimension stone), in glass manufacturing if pure quartz, and for landscaping or artistic carvings.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for roughly 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The red/brown banding in this specimen is often called 'Liesegang rings' when it forms rhythmic patterns.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its sandy texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering. It is common in the Colorado Plateau and various basins worldwide. Look for individual grains cemented together.
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