igneous
Granite
Granite (Felsic Plutonic Rock)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Pink to reddish with black and grey specks; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained), interlocking equigranular crystals; Specific Gravity: 2.63-2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Pink to reddish with black and grey specks
- Luster
- Dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Pink to reddish with black and grey specks; Luster: Dull to vitreous; Crystal Structure: Phaneritic (coarse-grained), interlocking equigranular crystals; Specific Gravity: 2.63-2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed through the slow crystallization of magma below Earth's surface in batholiths and plutons. Generally formed during mountain-building events (orogenies) across all geological ages, notably Precambrian and Paleozoic.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction, countertops, monuments, paving stones, and as aggregate. High-quality specimens are polished for decorative cladding and jewelry items like beads.
Geological facts
Granite makes up the majority of the Earth's continental crust. It is one of the hardest and most durable rocks, which is why it was used to build the Egyptian Pyramids and Mount Rushmore.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its salt-and-pepper appearance with visible crystals. Commonly found in mountainous regions or exposed shields. Collectors should look for distinct grains of pink potassium feldspar, white/grey quartz, and black biotite or hornblende.
