sedimentary
Sandstone (likely Arkosic or Quartzose)
Arenite (SiO2 based with mineral inclusions)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Cream, grey, and tan with reddish-yellow iron staining; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None/conchoidal on individual grains; SG: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Cream, grey, and tan with reddish-yellow iron staining
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Cream, grey, and tan with reddish-yellow iron staining; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None/conchoidal on individual grains; SG: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. This process (lithification) occurs in river beds, deserts, or marine environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, decorative stone in masonry, and for paving. Higher-purity quartzose sandstones are used for glass manufacturing.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. It is a major reservoir for groundwater, oil, and natural gas due to its high porosity and permeability.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its sandpaper-like feel and visible layering (bedding). It will not fizz with weak acid unless the cement is calcium carbonate. Common worldwide in sedimentary basins.
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