sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2 - Silicon Dioxide)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Tan, brown, or buff
- Luster
- Dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles (primarily quartz). It originates in environments such as deserts, riverbeds, or beaches over millions of years (various geological ages from Precambrian to Cenozoic).
Uses & applications
Extensively used as a building material, decorative stone, for making grindstones, as a reservoir for oil and water, and in glass manufacturing.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous structures like the treasury at Petra and the Red Fort in India are carved from or built with sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinctive 'sandpaper' texture and visible grains. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and arid regions. Collectors look for unique banding or patterns like 'picture sandstone'.
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