sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: tan, brown, yellow, or grey; Luster: dull to earthy; Crystal structure: clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8.

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale)
Color: tan, brown, yellow, or grey
Luster: dull to earthy

Identified March 20, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: tan, brown, yellow, or grey; Luster: dull to earthy; Crystal structure: clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8.

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. Typically formed in river beds, deserts, or marine environments over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Commonly used as a building material, in road construction, as a source for glass manufacturing (silica sand), and for decorative landscaping.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 10-20% of Earth's sedimentary rock. Famous structures like the Treasury at Petra and the Red Fort in India are carved from or built with sandstone.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. Often displays bedding layers. Found globally in sedimentary basins, outcrops, and canyons.