sedimentary
Sandstone (Greywacke/Lithic Sandstone)
Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brownish-grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.3-2.6
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Brownish-grey
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brownish-grey; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.3-2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (lithics). This specific specimen appears to be a water-worn river stone or 'cobble' that has been mechanically rounded by transport in water over hundreds to thousands of years.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in the construction industry as aggregate or road base. Fine-grained sandstones are historically used for dimension stone in buildings and pavers.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The grains in this specimen are likely a mix of quartz and feldspar held together by a silica or calcium carbonate cement.
Field identification & locations
Identify by the 'sandpaper' feel of the surface and visible granular texture. Found globally in riverbeds, glacial deposits, and coastal areas. Highly common and pervasive in the terrestrial crust.
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