sedimentary
Sandstone (with vugs)
Arenite / Sedimentary Sandstone
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, brownish-orange, buff, Luster: dull to earthy, Crystal Structure: granular (sand grains), Cleavage: none, Specific Gravity: approx. 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, brownish-orange, buff, Luster: dull to earthy, Crystal Structure: granular (sand grains), Cleavage: none, Specific Gravity: approx. 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (usually quartz or feldspar) in environments like riverbeds, deserts, or beaches over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, in construction for paving, as a source of glass sand, and by collectors for unique weathered or fossil-bearing forms.
Geological facts
The large holes and indentations seen in the specimen are called vugs or solution cavities, often formed by the leaching of more soluble materials like calcite or minerals within the rock matrix.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering (bedding planes). It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and eroded canyonlands.
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