sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (SiO2 based)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or gray; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grain-based); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Tan, brown, or gray
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or gray; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grain-based); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in river beds, deserts, or marine environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Widely used in the construction of buildings, monuments, and as a decorative stone in landscaping. Also used in glass making and as a natural abrasive.
Geological facts
Sandstone is often found in the world's most famous canyons, like the Grand Canyon. It can preserve fossils and ripple marks from ancient environments.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible layered bedding. Common in arid regions or near current and ancient water sources.
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