sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (depending on cementation); Color: ranges from tan and brown to grey; Luster: dull/earthy; Crystal structure: clastic (sand-sized grains of quartz or feldspar); Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: approx 2.0–2.6.

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (depending on cementation)
Color: ranges from tan and brown to grey
Luster: dull/earthy

Identified March 25, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral grains or rock fragments (usually quartz). This specimen shows distinct horizontal bedding planes, indicating it was deposited in layers over time, likely in a river, lake, or ocean environment during various geological eras.

Uses & applications

Commonly used as a building material, masonry, paving stone, and in the manufacturing of glass and grindstones. It is often a key reservoir rock for oil, natural gas, and groundwater.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rock formations in Sedona, Arizona, and the Grand Canyon are primarily composed of various sandstone layers that tell a story of ancient deserts and seas.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-thick texture and visible layering (bedding). It will not fizz when exposed to acid (unlike limestone) unless it has a calcitic cement. Found globally in sedimentary basins and outcrop formations.