igneous
Olivine in Basalt
Peridotite / Forsterite ((Mg,Fe)2SiO4)
Hardness: 6.5–7; Color: Olive-green to yellowish-green; Luster: Vitreous/glassy; Structure: Orthorhombic; Specific Gravity: 3.2-4.4
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Olive-green to yellowish-green
- Luster
- Vitreous/glassy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5–7; Color: Olive-green to yellowish-green; Luster: Vitreous/glassy; Structure: Orthorhombic; Specific Gravity: 3.2-4.4
Formation & geological history
Formed in the Earth's upper mantle through slow crystallization of magma. It is brought to the surface by basaltic volcanic eruptions as 'xenoliths' or 'nodules'.
Uses & applications
Used as a gemstone (Peridot), in sandblasting, as a refractory material in steel manufacturing, and as a collector's specimen.
Geological facts
Olivine is the primary component of the Earth's upper mantle. It has also been found on the Moon, Mars, and in meteorites like pallasites.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its distinctive olive-green color and sugary, granular texture. Commonly found in volcanic regions like Hawaii, Arizona, and the Canary Islands.
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