sedimentary
Sandstone (Quartzose Sandstone)
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: tan, brown, beige; Luster: matte/earthy; Crystal structure: granular/clastic; Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (individual grains)
- Color
- tan, brown, beige
- Luster
- matte/earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: tan, brown, beige; Luster: matte/earthy; Crystal structure: granular/clastic; Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Typically deposited in riverbeds, deserts, or coastal environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, masonry stone, in the manufacture of glass (if high quartz purity), and as an abrasive.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 10-20% of the Earth's sedimentary rocks. Famous landmarks like the Grand Canyon and Petra are primarily composed of sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identifiable by its 'sandpaper' feel. Look for visible sand grains and layering (bedding planes). Found globally in sedimentary basins.
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