sedimentary
Sandstone (with Iron Staining)
Clastic Sedimentary Rock (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Grayish-tan with orange/brown iron oxide staining; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Grayish-tan with orange/brown iron oxide staining
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Grayish-tan with orange/brown iron oxide staining; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles (sand) over millions of years, typically in riverbeds, deserts, or marine environments. This specimen shows signs of water-tumbled erosion (river rock).
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction, as a building stone, in paving, and as an industrial source of silica; rounded specimens are used for decorative landscaping.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for about 10-20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The reddish-brown streaks are caused by the oxidation of iron minerals within the stone, essentially 'rusting' the surface.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering or bedding planes. Common globally in riverbeds and mountainous outcrop areas.
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