sedimentary
Sandstone (likely Quartzose Sandstone with mineral staining)
Arenite (composed mainly of SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (depending on cementation); Color: Tan, beige, brown, and grey with reddish iron-oxide staining; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular texture); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale (depending on cementation)
- Color
- Tan, beige, brown, and grey with reddish iron-oxide staining
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (depending on cementation); Color: Tan, beige, brown, and grey with reddish iron-oxide staining; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular texture); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in environments like riverbeds, deserts, or marine basins. Many terrestrial sandstones date from the Paleozoic to Mesozoic eras.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in construction as a building stone (flagstone), crushed stone for road bases, and in the manufacturing of glass and grindstones. Thinner slabs are popular for landscaping and patio paving.
Geological facts
Sandstone represents about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Because of its porosity, it is an important reservoir for groundwater and petroleum.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible layered bedding planes. Common in the Colorado Plateau, Appalachians, and various global desert regions. Collectors look for unique color banding or fossil inclusions.
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