igneous
Granite
Felsic intrusive igneous rock
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: pink/orange (K-feldspar), gray (quartz), black (biotite); Luster: dull to vitreous; Crystal Structure: phaneritic (large visible crystals); Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- pink/orange (K-feldspar), gray (quartz), black (biotite)
- Luster
- dull to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: pink/orange (K-feldspar), gray (quartz), black (biotite); Luster: dull to vitreous; Crystal Structure: phaneritic (large visible crystals); Specific gravity: 2.63-2.75
Formation & geological history
Formed from the slow cooling of silica-rich magma deep underground (plutonic) within the Earth's crust; frequently formed during mountain-building events (orogenies) over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, and monuments due to its durability and aesthetic appeal.
Geological facts
Granite makes up the majority of the Earth's continental crust. Mount Rushmore is carved into a massive granite batholith in the Black Hills of South Dakota.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'salt and pepper' appearance and large, interlocking mineral grains. Found worldwide in mountainous regions and shield areas. It is the most common igneous rock found at the Earth's surface.
