sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (depending on cementation); Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (depending on cementation)
Color: Tan, brown, or buff
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified February 8, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (depending on cementation); Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (sand) in environments such as deserts, river beds, or beaches. Geological ages vary from Precambrian to Cenozoic.

Uses & applications

Commonly used as a construction material (dimension stone), in glass manufacturing, for paving, and as an aquifer for groundwater and petroleum.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous formations include the Grand Canyon and the red rocks of Petra.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' feel; individual sand grains are often visible to the naked eye. Found in sedimentary basins worldwide. Collectors look for unique banding (wonderstone) or fossils.