sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: tan, brown, yellow, red, grey, and white; Luster: dull to earthy; Structure: clastic texture with visible sand grains (0.06mm to 2mm); Cleavage: none; Specific Gravity: 2.2 - 2.8.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- tan, brown, yellow, red, grey, and white
- Luster
- dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: tan, brown, yellow, red, grey, and white; Luster: dull to earthy; Structure: clastic texture with visible sand grains (0.06mm to 2mm); Cleavage: none; Specific Gravity: 2.2 - 2.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the accumulation of sand-sized grains through water, ice, or wind action, then compacted and cemented by minerals like silica, calcite, or iron oxide. Can date from various geological eras, frequently found in paleo-riverbeds, deserts, and shorelines.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in construction as dimension stone for buildings, paving, and decorative facades. Crushed sandstone is used in road bases and glass manufacturing (if high in silica).
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous Red Rocks of Colorado and the carvings of Petra in Jordan are made of sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinctive 'sandpaper' feel when rubbed. Look for bedding planes (horizontal layers) or cross-bedding (slanted layers). It is common in the Grand Canyon and the Southwestern United States.
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