sedimentary
Sandstone (with Iron Staining)
Clastic Sedimentary Rock (primarily SiO2 with FeO(OH) impurities)
Hardness: 6-7 (approximate); Color: Tan, brown, ochre; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2–2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (approximate)
- Color
- Tan, brown, ochre
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (approximate); Color: Tan, brown, ochre; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2–2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The brown color indicates the presence of iron oxides (like goethite or limonite) that oxidized during or after the rock's formation.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in construction as a building stone or paving material. Crushed sandstone is used in road base and as a source of silica for glass manufacturing.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. It is a major reservoir for water (aquifers) and oil/gas because of its high porosity.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'sandpaper' texture. It often occurs in bedded layers. Look for granular surfaces that feel gritty to the touch and can be scratched with a steel blade to see if individual grains dislodge.
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