sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (Siliclastic sedimentary rock), SiO2 + various minerals
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, brown, yellow, or grey due to iron oxides, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Crystal structure: Clastic (grains), Cleavage: None/Irregular fracture, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, brown, yellow, or grey due to iron oxides, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Crystal structure: Clastic (grains), Cleavage: None/Irregular fracture, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. Typically formed in river beds, deserts, or coastal environments over millions of years through compaction and cementation by minerals like silica or calcite.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for tiles, paving, and building facades. It is also used in the manufacturing of glass and as a high-quality sharpening stone (whetstone) for metal tools.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rock formations in the American Southwest (Grand Canyon, Zion) are primarily composed of various sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and outcrops globally. Collectors look for unique banding patterns (Wonderstone) or fossil inclusions.
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