sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs scale; Color: Tan, yellow, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (composed of mineral grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs scale
- Color
- Tan, yellow, or buff
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs scale; Color: Tan, yellow, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (composed of mineral grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized silicate grains (mostly quartz). It typically forms in river, lake, or ocean shoreline environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used widely in construction for building stone, road base, and as a raw material in the manufacture of glass and concrete.
Geological facts
Sandstone is a major reservoir for groundwater, oil, and natural gas due to its high porosity and permeability. The Grand Canyon is famous for its massive sandstone layers like the Coconino Sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. It is often found in bedded layers. Common globally in sedimentary basins.
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