sedimentary
Sandstone (with potential iron-oxide staining)
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, yellow-orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (composed of mineral grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2–2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Tan, brown, yellow-orange
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, yellow-orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (composed of mineral grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2–2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments, typically through the action of water or wind over millions of years. This specimen shows signs of surface weathering and iron oxidation.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, in the manufacture of glass (if high silica content), and for artistic carvings or grindstones.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for approximately 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of the Grand Canyon and the desert landscapes of the American Southwest are primarily composed of various sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering (bedding). It is found globally in desert areas, river basins, and coastal regions. For collectors, look for unique colors caused by mineral impurities.
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