sedimentary
Sandstone (Quartzose Sandstone)
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: tan, grey, or light brown; Luster: dull/earthy; Crystal structure: granular clastic; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (individual grains)
- Color
- tan, grey, or light brown
- Luster
- dull/earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: tan, grey, or light brown; Luster: dull/earthy; Crystal structure: granular clastic; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed by the accumulation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, cemented together by silica, calcium carbonate, or iron oxide over millions of years in desert, river, or ocean environments.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction, road aggregates, paving stones, and as a reservoir rock for groundwater and petroleum.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 10-20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rock formations in Sedona, Arizona and the Grand Canyon are primarily sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its 'sandpaper' feel and visible grains. Often found in layered beds. In the field, it will feel gritty to the touch and can sometimes be scratched with a steel blade if poorly cemented.
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