sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (with Iron Oxide)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown to tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Reddish-brown to tan
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown to tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains, primarily quartz and feldspar, in environments like deserts, riverbeds, or beaches. The reddish hue indicates the presence of iron oxide (hematite or limonite) as a cementing agent.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, paving stone, and in the manufacturing of glass and grindstones.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rock formations in Sedona, Arizona, and Petra, Jordan, are composed of this material.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible grains. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and eroded canyonlands worldwide.
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