sedimentary
Jasper (Iron-rich)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with Hematite (Fe2O3) impurities
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: Red, reddish-brown, often variegated; Luster: Vitreous to dull/waxy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (Microcrystalline); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.91
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Red, reddish-brown, often variegated
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull/waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs); Color: Red, reddish-brown, often variegated; Luster: Vitreous to dull/waxy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (Microcrystalline); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.91
Formation & geological history
Formed through the deposition of silica from water-rich environments, often occurring in hydrothermal veins or as a chemical sedimentary deposit. Many jasper formations date back to the Precambrian era.
Uses & applications
Used primarily as an ornamental stone, for lapidary work (cabochons), jewelry, and as a collector's specimen. It was historically used for making tools and seals.
Geological facts
Jasper is a variety of chalcedony. The red coloration is typically caused by iron inclusions. It is known as the 'supreme nurturer' in metaphysical circles and has been used by various cultures for thousands of years.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its opaque quality (unlike agate which is translucent), its hardness (will scratch glass), and its characteristic smooth, conchoidal fracture. Often found in riverbeds, deserts, or near volcanic regions.
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