sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Tan, brown, or buff
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments, typically in deserts, riverbeds, or coastal environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Widely used in construction for flagstone, paving, wall cladding, and as an abrasive mineral in industrial processes.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The iconic 'Wave' formation in Arizona is a famous example of Navajo Sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible layering (bedding). Look for it in regions with ancient seabed or desert history. Collectors prefer specimens with unique 'Liesegang rings' or fossil inclusions.
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