igneous

Granite (Fine-grained)

Phaneritic Felsic Igneous Rock

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Salt and pepper (white, grey, black); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Granular/Phaneritic; Cleavage: None (individual minerals have cleavage); Specific gravity: 2.63 - 2.75

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Salt and pepper (white, grey, black)
Luster: Vitreous to dull

Identified March 30, 2026More igneous →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed from the slow cooling of silica-rich magma deep underground (plutonic). This process allows crystals to grow large enough to be seen. Geological age varies globally from Archean to Cenozoic.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in construction for countertops, floor tiles, paving stones, and monuments due to its durability and resistance to weathering.

Geological facts

Granite makes up a large portion of the Earth's continental crust. Mount Rushmore is carved into a granite batholith. It is primarily composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its speckled 'salt and pepper' appearance and interlocking mineral grains. It is one of the most common rocks found in mountainous regions or glacially deposited areas.

Other igneous specimens

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Blue Apatite

Fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F)

mineral

Dark Igneous Rock (Likely Basalt or Diabase)

Basalt (extrusive igneous rock) or Diabase (intrusive igneous rock - also known as Dolerite), largely composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene (augite), and sometimes olivine and amphibole. Exact mineralogy would require thin section analysis.

Igneous

Magnetite

Iron(II,III) oxide (Fe3O4)

mineral

Blue Apatite

Apatite (Group), Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)

mineral

Sodalite

Sodalite - Na8(Al6Si6O24)Cl2

mineral

Magnetite

Magnetite (Fe3O4)

mineral