sedimentary
Sandstone (Quartz-rich Pebble)
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (for the quartz grains); Color: Tan, buff, or light brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale (for the quartz grains)
- Color
- Tan, buff, or light brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (for the quartz grains); Color: Tan, buff, or light brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Usually deposited in environments such as beaches, deserts, or riverbeds. This specimen shows significant rounding, indicating it was weathered and transported by water over a long period.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as building material, road base, and in glass manufacturing if the quartz content is high. In smaller forms like this, it is often used for decorative landscaping or as an abrasive.
Geological facts
Sandstone is one of the most common sedimentary rocks on Earth, making up about 10-20% of the Earth's crust. It is a major reservoir for water and hydrocarbons due to its porosity.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. These smoothed pebbles are frequently found in riverbeds, glacial deposits, or coastal shorelines. Collectors look for unique banding or fossil inclusions.
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