sedimentary
Sandstone (Water-worn pebble)
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, beige, or golden brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Tan, beige, or golden brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, beige, or golden brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (sand) over millions of years, typically in river beds, beaches, or deserts. This specific specimen has been rounded by fluvial or tidal erosion.
Uses & applications
Used widely in construction (building stone), as an abrasive in industry, and common as a landscaping or decorative garden stone.
Geological facts
Sandstone is one of the most common sedimentary rocks on Earth and makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rock on the planet. Its porous nature makes it an important reservoir for groundwater and petroleum.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible small grains. It is extremely common in riverbeds and coastlines globally. Collectors look for specific patterns like cross-bedding or iron staining.
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