sedimentary
Sandstone (Quartz Sandstone)
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: reddish-brown/tan (due to Iron Oxide); Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.3-2.6.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- reddish-brown/tan (due to Iron Oxide)
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: reddish-brown/tan (due to Iron Oxide); Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.3-2.6.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation, compaction, and lithification of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. These deposits typically occur in desert, river, or coastal environments. Age varies based on deposit, but frequently found in Paleozoic to Mesozoic strata.
Uses & applications
Extensively used as a building material, in road construction (crushed stone), glass manufacturing (if high silica), and as a reservoir rock for petroleum and water (due to high porosity).
Geological facts
Sandstone is often responsible for iconic landforms like the Grand Canyon or the red outcrops of Sedona. It contains 20-25% of the world's groundwater and fossil fuels. Some varieties, like 'Picture Sandstone', show landscape-like patterns created by iron mineral stains.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. It is often found in bedded layers or cliffs. Collectors look for unique banding or fossilized ripple marks.
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