sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, or yellow-gold due to iron oxidation; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/clastic texture; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8.

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs)
Color: Tan, brown, or yellow-gold due to iron oxidation
Luster: Dull or earthy

Identified March 4, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, or yellow-gold due to iron oxidation; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/clastic texture; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8.

Formation & geological history

Sandstone forms from the mechanical weathering of pre-existing rocks, transport of sand-sized grains by water or wind, and subsequent lithification through pressure and mineral cementation. These specimens are often from the Paleozoic or Mesozoic eras.

Uses & applications

Extensively used as a building material, decorative stone for landscaping, and a source of silica for glass manufacturing. It also serves as a major reservoir for groundwater and petroleum.

Geological facts

Sandstone is one of the most common sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of the Grand Canyon and the architectural heritage of 'Brownstones' in New York are made of various sandstone types.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible sand grains. Found globally in riverbeds, deserts, and coastal cliffs. Collectors should look for unique cross-bedding or fossil inclusions.