sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3 staining)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, or ochre due to iron oxides; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (not applicable for the rock, but composed of quartz crystals); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Tan, brown, or ochre due to iron oxides
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, or ochre due to iron oxides; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (not applicable for the rock, but composed of quartz crystals); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and compaction of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. The tan/brown color indicates deposition in an oxygen-rich environment where iron minerals oxidized. Ages can range from Precambrian to Recent.
Uses & applications
Used extensively as a construction material, for road base, in the glass industry (if pure quartz), and as decorative landscape stone.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. It is a major reservoir for water and hydrocarbons because of its high porosity and permeability.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'gritty' feel (like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. Common in desert environments, river basins, and coastal areas. Collectors look for unique banding or fossil inclusions.
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