sedimentary
Sandstone (with Iron Oxide)
Arenite with Limonite/Hematite staining
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs scale; Color: Rusty orange to reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs scale
- Color
- Rusty orange to reddish-brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs scale; Color: Rusty orange to reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (detritus). The orange color comes from iron oxides like limonite or hematite coating the sand grains, often in terrestrial or shallow marine environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used widely as a construction material, for paving stones, in the glass manufacturing industry if high in silica, and as a reservoir rock for water, oil, and gas exploration.
Geological facts
Sandstone is often responsible for iconic landscape features such as the Grand Canyon or the 'Red Rocks' of Sedona. It contains a high percentage of quartz, making it quite durable despite its crumbly appearance.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layers or bedding planes. It is commonly found in dry creek beds, desert bluffs, and coastal areas.
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