sedimentary
Sandstone (likely Arkosic)
Clastic Sedimentary Rock (Sandstone)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brownish-yellow, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular texture); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Tan, brownish-yellow, or buff
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brownish-yellow, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular texture); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (clasts). Common in river beds, deserts, and floodplains. Geologically, these can range from very recent to billions of years old.
Uses & applications
Widely used as a construction material for building, paving, and crushing for road base. Higher quality specimens are used for architectural masonry and decorative landscaping.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 10-20% of Earth's sedimentary rocks. Its porosity allows it to serve as a significant reservoir for groundwater and petroleum.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'sandpaper' feel. It will scratch glass if it contains quartz. Look for layering (bedding) and grains that are visible to the naked eye. Found globally in basins and mountainous regions.
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