sedimentary
Sandstone (with Manganese staining)
Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, beige with black dendritic/splotchy manganese staining; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular, sandpaper-like feel.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Tan, beige with black dendritic/splotchy manganese staining
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, beige with black dendritic/splotchy manganese staining; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular, sandpaper-like feel.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized grains (quartz or feldspar), typically in river beds, deserts, or marine environments. The rounded shape indicates high levels of water erosion (fluvial transport).
Uses & applications
Used in construction as a building stone or paving material; crushed for road base; silica source for glass making.
Geological facts
The black coloration on the surface is likely 'desert varnish' or manganese oxide staining, which often forms on rocks exposed to the elements for long periods. Sandstone makes up about 20% of the sedimentary rocks on Earth.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture and visible sand grains. Common in riverbeds, canyons, and coastal outcrops. Helpful for understanding ancient water flow or wind patterns in an area.
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