sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: tan, yellow, orange, and red; Luster: matte/earthy; Crystal structure: clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale)
Color: tan, yellow, orange, and red
Luster: matte/earthy

Identified March 23, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: tan, yellow, orange, and red; Luster: matte/earthy; Crystal structure: clastic (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: none; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand grains (quartz or feldspar) in environments like deserts, river beds, or beaches. It can range in age from the Precambrian to the Holocene.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in construction (dimension stone), landscaping, glass manufacturing (if high silica content), and as an aquifer in groundwater systems.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Historic structures like the Treasury at Petra and the Red Fort in India are carved from or built with variety of sandstone.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layers or cross-bedding. Found globally in basins and mountainous regions. Collectors look for unique banding patterns like 'Wonderstone'.