sedimentary

Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 6.5-7.0 (Mohs scale); Color: Reddish-orange with black/gray inclusions; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Microcrystalline/Cryptocrystalline trigonal quartz; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.58-2.91

Hardness: 6
Color: Reddish-orange with black/gray inclusions
Luster: Vitreous to waxy

Identified May 31, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the infiltration of silica-rich fluids into volcanic ash or sedimentary rocks. The red color is typically due to iron inclusions, while black stripes are often manganese or organic material.

Uses & applications

Primarily used for lapidary work, jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative ornaments, and as a collector's gemstone due to its unique patterns.

Geological facts

Jasper has been used as a gemstone since antiquity; it was known in ancient Mesopotamian, Greek, and Roman civilizations. Its name is derived from the Greek 'iaspis', meaning spotted stone.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its hardness (cannot be scratched by a steel knife), smooth texture when tumbled, and opaque appearance. Commonly found in river beds or beach gravels in volcanic regions worldwide.