sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 based with various mineral cements)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, brown, yellow, red, or grey, Luster: dull/earthy, Crystal Structure: Clastic texture with sand-sized grains, Cleavage: None (fractures around grains), Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Identified March 25, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed by the accumulation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments that are cemented together by minerals like silica, calcite, or iron oxide. Typical of desert, river, and coastal environments throughout all geological ages.

Uses & applications

Widely used as a construction material for building facades, paving, and decorative garden features. Historically used for grindstones and sculpture. Important reservoir rock for water, oil, and natural gas.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The iconic red cliffs of the American Southwest, such as those in the Grand Canyon and Zion National Park, are composed of various layers of sandstone.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty, 'sandpaper' feel and often visible layering (bedding). It is found globally in sedimentary basins. Collectors often look for specialized types like 'Wonderstone' or specimens with fossil inclusions.

Other sedimentary specimens

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Sandstone or Siltstone

Arenite (if sandstone)

Sedimentary

Shale or Slaty Mudstone

Argillaceous sedimentary rock

sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

sedimentary

Chert Breccia

Brecciated Chert (Microcrystalline Silica)

sedimentary

Sandstone (Quartz-rich)

Arenite (SiO2)

sedimentary

Sandstone (with man-made markings)

Arenite (composed primarily of Quartz, SiO2)

sedimentary