sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, or yellow-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grain-based); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Tan, brown, or yellow-brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, or yellow-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grain-based); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Occurs in diverse environments like deserts, river deltas, and beaches over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, paving stone, and decorative gravel. Historically used for making grindstones and lithographic plates.
Geological facts
Sandstone often preserves fossils and primary sedimentary structures like cross-bedding and ripple marks, providing clues to ancient Earth environments.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. Found globally in sedimentary basins. Collectors look for unique banding or fossil inclusions.
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