sedimentary
Jasper (Multi-color Chert)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with impurities
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale). Color: Multicolored (red, green, brown, yellow). Luster: Dull to waxy. Structure: Microcrystalline quartz. Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture). Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.91.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Multicolored (red, green, brown, yellow)
- Luster
- Dull to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale). Color: Multicolored (red, green, brown, yellow). Luster: Dull to waxy. Structure: Microcrystalline quartz. Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture). Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.91.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the deposition of silica-rich fluids in volcanic ash or sedimentary environments. The colors are derived from mineral impurities like iron (red/yellow) and chlorite or clay (green) during or after formation.
Uses & applications
Widely used in jewelry (cabochons, beads), lapidary arts, ornamental carvings, and historically as a tool for making arrowheads due to its sharp conchoidal fracture.
Geological facts
Jasper is an opaque variety of chalcedony. It was a favorite gemstone in the ancient world, referenced in many historical and religious texts as a material for seals and talismans.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy luster, lack of transparency (opaque), and smooth, shell-like (conchoidal) breakage patterns. Often found in dry riverbeds, deserts, or volcanic regions.
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