sedimentary
Sandstone
Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, yellow, red; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Tan, brown, yellow, red
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, yellow, red; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (clasts). Common in river beds, deserts, and marine environments where sediment settles.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in construction as a building material, paving, and decorative stonework. Also an important reservoir rock for oil, gas, and groundwater.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Due to its porosity, it is the most important type of rock for trapping and storing underground water and hydrocarbons.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'sandpaper' feel and visible grains. Often found in layered outcrops. Collectors should look for unique cross-bedding patterns or fossil inclusions.
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