sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (grains) but can be lower (friable); Color: tan, yellow, or brown due to iron oxides; Luster: dull/earthy; Crystal structure: clastic texture (sand grains); Porosity: high.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale (grains) but can be lower (friable)
- Color
- tan, yellow, or brown due to iron oxides
- Luster
- dull/earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (grains) but can be lower (friable); Color: tan, yellow, or brown due to iron oxides; Luster: dull/earthy; Crystal structure: clastic texture (sand grains); Porosity: high.
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (clasts). Common in desert, river, and coastal environments where sand is deposited and buried over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Extensively used as a building material, paving stone, and in the manufacturing of glass and grindstones. It is also an important reservoir rock for groundwater and petroleum.
Geological facts
Sandstone comprises about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous formations include the Antelope Canyon in Arizona and the sandstone cliffs of Petra, Jordan.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins, near ancient shorelines, and in plateau regions.
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