sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (variable SiO2 composition)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, or grayish-yellow due to iron oxides; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular and gritty like sandpaper; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Tan, brown, or grayish-yellow due to iron oxides
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, or grayish-yellow due to iron oxides; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Texture: Granular and gritty like sandpaper; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments over millions of years, typically in desert, river, or coastal environments during various geological eras from Precambrian to Cenozoic.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction as a building stone, for glass manufacture (if high silica), as an abrasive material, and as a reservoir rock for oil and natural gas.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The iconic Red Rocks of Colorado and the Antelope Canyon in Arizona are famous formations primarily made of sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinctive gritty feel (like sandpaper) and visible layering or bedding. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and arid regions globally; collectors should look for cross-bedding or fossil inclusions.
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