sedimentary
Sandstone (with Iron Staining)
Clastic sedimentary rock (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, or grayish (yellowish-brown due to limonite/iron staining); Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None (fractures across grains); Specific Gravity: 2.0-2.6
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, or grayish (yellowish-brown due to limonite/iron staining); Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None (fractures across grains); Specific Gravity: 2.0-2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral grains (usually quartz and feldspar). These sediments are typically deposited in river beds, beaches, or deserts and undergo cementation over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction as a building material, as a decorative stone in landscaping, and in the manufacturing of glass and grindstones.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The varied colors often come from iron oxides (hematite or limonite) acting as the cementing agent.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'gritty' feel, similar to sandpaper. In the field, look for visible bedding layers (stratification) and granular texture. Found worldwide in sedimentary basins.
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