sedimentary
Sandstone (Quartzose)
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Cream, tan, or light buff with orange iron staining; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular (clastic texture); Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8; Feel: Sandpaper-like grit.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Cream, tan, or light buff with orange iron staining
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Cream, tan, or light buff with orange iron staining; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular (clastic texture); Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8; Feel: Sandpaper-like grit.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and lithification (cementation) of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. Typically deposited in river, beach, or desert environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used widely as a building material, paving stone, and in the manufacturing of glass and grindstones. It is also an important reservoir rock for groundwater and petroleum.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous landmarks like the Grand Canyon and Petra in Jordan are primarily composed of various types of sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper when rubbed). It often displays visible layering or 'bedding.' Found globally in sedimentary basins and coastal areas.
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