sedimentary
Jasper (Iron-stained Quartz)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellow-brown, tan, and reddish-orange; Luster: Dull to waxy; Crystal Structure: Microcrystalline; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Yellow-brown, tan, and reddish-orange
- Luster
- Dull to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Yellow-brown, tan, and reddish-orange; Luster: Dull to waxy; Crystal Structure: Microcrystalline; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9
Formation & geological history
Formed from the deposition of silica from water, typically in hydrothermal or sedimentary environments where iron oxides are present to provide pigmentation. Most specimens range from several million to hundreds of millions of years old.
Uses & applications
Used primarily for lapidary work, jewelry (cabochons), and as a decorative landscaping stone. In industry, high-purity silica is used for manufacturing glass and electronics.
Geological facts
Jasper has been used by ancient civilizations for seal stones and amulets for millennia. The word 'jasper' originates from the Old French 'jaspre', meaning 'spotted or speckled stone.'
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its waxy luster when broken, hardness (it will scratch glass), and a rounded 'river rock' texture if found in waterbeds. Commonly found in gravel pits, mountain streams, and arid regions like the American Southwest.
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